[
  {
    "id": "leetcode",
    "name": "LeetCode",
    "category": "assessment",
    "sector": "Technical Assessment",
    "us": {
      "score": 9.2,
      "value": 140,
      "zombie": true
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 7.4,
      "value": 110,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "LeetCode's entire value proposition rests on the premise that humans need practice and employers need proxy signals for human capability.AI coding agents now solve 95 % + of LeetCode Mediums and Hards instantly, making timed algorithmic screening structurally incoherent.The largest adopters of AI- pair workflows — Microsoft, Google, Amazon — are quietly migrating to production - task evaluations.The product that defined a hiring era is now the artifact of an era that ended.",
    "karpathy": "The algorithm test is not testing for algorithmic thinking anymore — it's testing whether you remembered to ask the AI."
  },
  {
    "id": "hackerrank",
    "name": "HackerRank",
    "category": "assessment",
    "sector": "Technical Assessment",
    "us": {
      "score": 8.7,
      "value": 115,
      "zombie": true
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 6.9,
      "value": 85,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "HackerRank monetises the gap between human baseline and human ceiling for coding ability. Generative AI collapses that gap to zero in under five seconds. Enterprise clients are visibly reducing platform spend after multiple high-profile cheating scandals involving LLMs. The company's pivot toward AI proctoring is fighting the tide with a bucket.",
    "karpathy": "The whiteboard problem is theater for a world where code writes itself."
  },
  {
    "id": "codility",
    "name": "Codility",
    "category": "assessment",
    "sector": "Technical Assessment",
    "us": {
      "score": 8.1,
      "value": 90,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 5.2,
      "value": 60,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Codility's synchronous testing format assumes candidates have a fixed cognitive speed that AI assistance cannot improve.That assumption has been false since GPT - 4. The product must either pivot to evaluate AI - augmented decision - making or face irrelevance.The clock is ticking and the company knows it.",
    "karpathy": "Synchronous coding tests assume a pre-AI cognition speed. Obsolete in premise, not just practice."
  },
  {
    "id": "replit",
    "name": "Replit",
    "category": "ides",
    "sector": "Cloud IDE",
    "us": {
      "score": 7.5,
      "value": 90,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 8.2,
      "value": 105,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Replit's cloud IDE model is being absorbed by AI - native coding agents.As Replit pivots to Ghostwriter AI and Replit Agent features, the traditional browser - based IDE use -case is cannibalizing itself.The product that disrupted local development is now being disrupted by agentic development.Notably higher exposure in Vietnam where Replit is used heavily by early - career devs whose role is the first to be automated.",
    "karpathy": "An IDE that learned to code for you, cannibalizing its own reason to exist."
  },
  {
    "id": "gitpod",
    "name": "Gitpod",
    "category": "ides",
    "sector": "Cloud IDE",
    "us": {
      "score": 6.8,
      "value": 68,
      "zombie": true
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 5.5,
      "value": 58,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Gitpod raised its cloud dev environment premise at the exact moment the market pivoted to AI-native coding assistants. The value proposition — instant reproducible environments — is now table stakes built into GitHub Codespaces, every major AI coding tool, and the emerging agent sandboxes. The layoff-and-restructure event in 2024 is visible in re-hiring data for former Gitpod engineers. Reliability Regret confirmed.",
    "karpathy": "Cloud environments solved setup friction. AI solved the environment itself."
  },
  {
    "id": "cursor",
    "name": "Cursor",
    "category": "ides",
    "sector": "AI-Native IDE",
    "us": {
      "score": 3.8,
      "value": 95,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 4.1,
      "value": 88,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Cursor is the agentic pivot — an AI-native IDE that is itself the threat to legacy IDEs. Low personal exposure score; it is the disrupting instrument, not the disrupted target. The tile size here reflects its market impact and adoption velocity, not its existential risk. Cursor's risk is competitive commoditisation as every major IDE embeds equivalent capabilities.",
    "karpathy": "The first IDE that admits the human is a reviewer, not the author."
  },
  {
    "id": "vscode",
    "name": "VS Code",
    "category": "ides",
    "sector": "IDE",
    "us": {
      "score": 4.5,
      "value": 155,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 3.8,
      "value": 130,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "VS Code's extension ecosystem, Microsoft backing, and deep enterprise penetration give it significant runway.The real threat is commoditisation — as AI coding assistants become the primary interaction layer, the IDE becomes a thin viewport.Microsoft's Copilot integration is the hedge. The product survives the pivot by owning the pivot. Classified as Agentic Pivot, not casualty.",
    "karpathy": "Still dominant. But the IDE is becoming a viewport, not a workspace."
  },
  {
    "id": "stackoverflow",
    "name": "Stack Overflow",
    "category": "knowledge",
    "sector": "Knowledge Platform",
    "us": {
      "score": 9.5,
      "value": 175,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 9.1,
      "value": 160,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Stack Overflow is the canonical Ouroboros casualty. A forum built on the premise that programmers would invest time asking and answering questions. ChatGPT eliminated that premise in 90 days. Organic traffic is down 50%+ since Q4 2022. The database of 15 years of curated human problem-solving is now actively being used to train the models eating its lunch. The company was acquired by Prosus, who will harvest the corpus and retire the community model.",
    "karpathy": "The world's largest database of human problem-solving, fed to its own executioner."
  },
  {
    "id": "quora",
    "name": "Quora",
    "category": "knowledge",
    "sector": "Knowledge Platform",
    "us": {
      "score": 8.8,
      "value": 98,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 8.5,
      "value": 92,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Quora's model — crowd - sourced expert answers with social capital incentives — is textbook AI displacement territory.LLMs provide faster, more comprehensive, more patient answers without paywalls, opinion wars, or social status games.The pivot to Poe(Quora's AI product) is the company's own admission.It is building the instrument of its primary product's death.",
    "karpathy": "Expert networks assumed scarcity of expertise. That scarcity is permanently gone."
  },
  {
    "id": "reddit",
    "name": "Reddit",
    "category": "knowledge",
    "sector": "Community Platform",
    "us": {
      "score": 5.8,
      "value": 205,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 6.2,
      "value": 195,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Reddit's authentic human experience moat is real but eroding under dual pressure: AI - generated content flooding subreddits and AI search tools eliminating the \"reddit\" appended to every Google search query.The IPO timing against declining organic engagement created existential tension.Reddit's large tile reflects its still-massive reach and the size of the ongoing displacement, not immunity from it.",
    "karpathy": "Authentic human signal in a sea of synthetic noise. The signal is shrinking."
  },
  {
    "id": "aws",
    "name": "AWS",
    "category": "devops",
    "sector": "Cloud Infrastructure",
    "us": {
      "score": 2.1,
      "value": 220,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 2.8,
      "value": 190,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "AWS is the infrastructure AI runs on. While abstraction layers will commoditise cloud primitives, AWS's ecosystem lock -in, compliance certifications, and first - mover advantage in AI infrastructure(Bedrock, Trainium, Inferentia) make it a deep reliability moat.The threat is margin compression from GCP and Azure competition, not displacement.Slightly higher Vietnam score reflects weaker enterprise lock -in versus local alternatives.",
    "karpathy": "The rails that AI runs on. Infrastructure doesn't get disrupted — it gets consolidated."
  },
  {
    "id": "vercel",
    "name": "Vercel",
    "category": "devops",
    "sector": "Deployment Platform",
    "us": {
      "score": 3.5,
      "value": 118,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 3.2,
      "value": 105,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Vercel's developer - first deployment experience creates genuine switching costs.The platform is actively building AI - native features — v0(generative UI), the AI SDK, and Edge Function primitives designed for inference workloads.As the preferred frontend deployment layer for the Next.js ecosystem, Vercel is positioned as infrastructure for the AI - web transition, not a casualty of it.",
    "karpathy": "The frontend deploy layer is becoming the AI output layer. Vercel sees this."
  },
  {
    "id": "terraform",
    "name": "Terraform",
    "category": "devops",
    "sector": "Infrastructure as Code",
    "us": {
      "score": 4.8,
      "value": 85,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 4.1,
      "value": 78,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Terraform faces dual pressure: HashiCorp's BSL licensing controversy fractured the community(OpenTofu fork) and AI IaC generation tools can now scaffold configurations from natural language with reasonable accuracy.The moat is deep existing codebases, compliance audit trails, and Terraform Cloud's enterprise features. But the abstraction ceiling is real — AI will write HCL before it writes Python.",
    "karpathy": "IaC written by hand is the assembly language of the infrastructure era. Moat real, ceiling approaching."
  },
  {
    "id": "amazon",
    "name": "Amazon / AWS",
    "category": "devops",
    "sector": "Cloud & E-commerce",
    "us": {
      "score": 2.5,
      "value": 240,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 3.0,
      "value": 180,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Amazon cut 30,000 corporate roles in early 2026. While AWS is the backbone for AI hosting, the company is aggressively automating its internal software and retail logistics.",
    "karpathy": "Infrastructure is the only safe haven, but the corporate workforce above it is thinning."
  },
  {
    "id": "atlassian",
    "name": "Atlassian",
    "category": "devops",
    "sector": "Collaboration Software",
    "us": {
      "score": 4.2,
      "value": 110,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 3.5,
      "value": 90,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Layoffs of 1,600 (10%) in March 2026. CEO cites AI changing the 'mix of skills' and reducing the headcount needed for routine feature development.",
    "karpathy": "When agents can write Jira tickets and code them, the human middleman becomes friction."
  },
  {
    "id": "block",
    "name": "Block (Square)",
    "category": "devops",
    "sector": "Fintech & Payments",
    "us": {
      "score": 7.8,
      "value": 130,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 5.8,
      "value": 95,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "CEO Jack Dorsey cut 40% of the workforce (over 4,000 roles) in mid-2026. While payments require complex orchestration, Block is completely restructuring around autonomous AI agents rather than human operations to run financial services.",
    "karpathy": "Financial transactions require fewer humans and more agents."
  },
  {
    "id": "coinbase",
    "name": "Coinbase",
    "category": "devops",
    "sector": "Crypto Exchange",
    "us": {
      "score": 8.0,
      "value": 115,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 6.2,
      "value": 85,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Laid off 14% (700 workers) in May 2026. CEO Brian Armstrong restructured the organization into small, autonomous 'AI-native pods' where a single human orchestrator manages multiple AI agents. Traditional manager roles have been completely phased out in favor of hands-on technical leaders.",
    "karpathy": "The human team is being replaced by the single AI orchestrator."
  },
  {
    "id": "cloudflare",
    "name": "Cloudflare",
    "category": "devops",
    "sector": "Edge Infrastructure & CDN",
    "us": {
      "score": 3.0,
      "value": 125,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 3.5,
      "value": 110,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Laid off 20% (1,100 workers) in May 2026 despite strong profitability. Matthew Prince highlighted a 600% surge in internal AI agent utilization within three months. Cloudflare is a reliability moat, but corporate staffing was dramatically rightsized as routine engineering and marketing tasks are completely automated.",
    "karpathy": "The internet's infrastructure is now being managed by AI agents."
  },
  {
    "id": "cisco",
    "name": "Cisco",
    "category": "devops",
    "sector": "Networking Infrastructure",
    "us": {
      "score": 4.5,
      "value": 140,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 3.8,
      "value": 100,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Laid off 5% of its workforce (4,000 employees) in May 2026. CEO Chuck Robbins shifted corporate budget directly from human salaries to silicon R&D and internal AI systems, signaling that even physical hardware networking layers are turning to automated systems for efficiency.",
    "karpathy": "The infrastructure layer requires fewer hands and more compute."
  },
  {
    "id": "dalle",
    "name": "DALL-E 2 & 3",
    "category": "knowledge",
    "sector": "AI Image Generation",
    "us": {
      "score": 9.5,
      "value": 135,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 8.8,
      "value": 115,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "OpenAI completely shut down DALL-E 2 and DALL-E 3 on May 12, 2026, deprecating the API in favor of more advanced and cost-effective 'gpt-image' unified models. The pioneer of generative imaging is a clear example of AI cannibalizing its own legacy frameworks.",
    "karpathy": "The tool that started the AI image revolution was killed by its own creator."
  },
  {
    "id": "core_banking_backoffice",
    "name": "Core Banking Back-Office",
    "category": "enterprise",
    "sector": "Banking Operations",
    "us": {
      "score": 5.5,
      "value": 70,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 8.6,
      "value": 175,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Retail banking's back office is a stack of deterministic, rule-bound tasks — data entry, KYC verification, document handling, loan processing, reconciliation. Exactly the work OCR, RPA, and LLM extraction now do end-to-end at scale. Vietnamese lenders shed 3,000+ of these roles in H1 2026 while rehiring for AI and data. The teller window is closing; the API is always open.",
    "karpathy": "The clerk was a human API for a form. The form now calls itself."
  },
  {
    "id": "bpo_data_entry",
    "name": "BPO / Data Entry",
    "category": "enterprise",
    "sector": "Outsourcing",
    "us": {
      "score": 6.0,
      "value": 60,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 8.9,
      "value": 150,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Business-process outsourcing sold cheap human throughput for structured, repetitive work — the first thing generative models commoditize. Vietnam built an export economy on data-entry, moderation, and transcription contracts; every one of those is now a prompt. The arbitrage was labor cost; AI reset the floor.",
    "karpathy": "Outsourcing moved the work to where labor was cheapest. AI moved it to where labor is unnecessary."
  },
  {
    "id": "public_sector_admin",
    "name": "Public-Sector Admin",
    "category": "enterprise",
    "sector": "Government",
    "us": {
      "score": 4.0,
      "value": 40,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "vn": {
      "score": 8.0,
      "value": 120,
      "zombie": false
    },
    "rationale": "Government administration is paperwork at national scale — permits, filings, records, routing. Digitized public services plus AI document processing collapse the headcount that pushed the paper. Hanoi's administrative streamlining is liquidating clerical layers that existed only to move forms between desks.",
    "karpathy": "Bureaucracy was a queue of humans stamping documents. The stamp is now a function call."
  }
]